3D Jargon Buster
Jump to
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q
R S T U
V X Y Z
#
2D
An image or object with only two dimensions, such as width and height, but no depth.
3D
Having or appearing to have width, height, and depth (three-dimensional). Accepts and/or produces uncompressed video signals which convey 3D.
3D format
An uncompressed video signal type used to convey 3D over an interface.
3D in-home formats
Connect in-home devices to the 3D display system. In-home formats may be compressed or uncompressed. Thedecompression and decoding/transcoding can be done in several places in the home and can include additional demodulation of RF-modulated signals as well. Video decoding and 3D decoding may be done at different locations in the signal chain, which could require two different in-home formats.
3D native display formats
Formats that are required to create the 3D image on the particular TV. These formats may reside only in the TV, or can be decoded/transcoded outside of the the TV. Normally, once a signal is decoded into the 3D native display format, no additional 3D signal processing is required to display the signal although there is likely to be additional 2D processing. The 3D native display format is different from the native 3D display format or resolution, which refers to the 3D pixel arrangement.
3D signal processing
A video signal processing chain where the processing of the signal is different for 3D video than it is for 2D video and the processor must be aware of the type of signal it is processing.
3D DVD
DVD movie recorded in 3D
3D ready
Contains 3D decoder/transcoder and may accept and/or produce uncompressed video signals which convey 3D.
3D rendering
The process of producing an image based on three-dimensional data stored within a computer.
3D viewing
The act of viewing a 3D image with both eyes in order to experience stereoscopic vision and binocular depth perception.
A
Accommodation
The refocusing of the eyes as their vision shifts from one distance plane to another.
Accommodation -vergence relationship
The learned relationship established through early experience between the focusing of the eyes and verging of the eyes when looking at a particular object point in the visual world. Usually called the accommodation/convergence relationship (or the convergence accommodation relationship.)
Accommodation-convergence link
The physiological link which causes the eyes to change focus as they change convergence, a link which has to be overcome in stereo viewing since the focus remains unchanged on the plane of the constituent flat images.
Accommodative facility
The eyes ability to repeatedly change focus from one distance to another. Often measured by use of special flipper lenses. Measurement of each eye in turn is usually made followed by comparing the performance to that of both eyes working together.
Active glasses
Powered shutter glasses that function by alternately allowing each eye to see the left-eye/right-eye images in an eye sequential 3D system. Most commonly based on liquid crystal devices. see passive glasses.
Active stereo
See eye sequential 3D.
Anaglyph
A type of stereogram (either printed, projected or viewed on a TV or computer screen) in which the two images are superimposed but are separated, so each eye sees only the desired image, by the use of colored filters and viewing spectacles (commonly red and cyan, or red and green). To the naked eye, the image looks overlapping, doubled and blurry. Traditionally, the image for the left eye is printed in red ink and the right eye image is printed in green ink.
Analyzers
Any device placed in front of the eyes to separate the left and right eye images, mainly when projected. Typically, these are polarizing spectacles, anaglyph spectacles or liquid crystal shutters.
Auto-stereoscopic
3D displays that do not require glasses to see the stereoscopic image. Multiview autostereoscopic displays based onparallax barrier or lenticules are sometimes called parallax panoramagram displays..
B
Beamsplitter
A device consisting of prisms and/or mirrors that can be attached to a mono camera to produce two side-by-side images(usually within a single frame). More accurately described as an image-splitter, as it does not split an individual beam intocomponents. Because the groups of light rays forming the left and right images cross over as they pass through the cameralens, the recorded images end up in the correct configuration for stereo viewing without the need for the usual transposition.
Binocular vision
Vision as a result of both eyes working as a team; when both eyes work together smoothly, accurately, equally and simultaneously.
Breaking the frame
If an object has Negative Parallax and is bisected by the edge of the frame then that object is ‘breaking the frame’ andthere is a visual/brain conflict.
C
Cardboarding
A condition where objects appear as if cut out of cardboard and lack individual solidity. Usually the result of inadequatedepth resolution arising from, for example, a mismatch between the focal length of the taking lens, the stereo base and/orthe focal length of the viewing system.
Compressed video signal
A stream of compacted data representing an uncompressed video signal. A compressed video signal is an encoded version of an uncompressed video signal. A compressed video signal must be decoded to an uncompressed videosignal in order to be edited or displayed. Compressed video formats vary according to the encoding methods used. Acompressed video signal format may be converted to another using a ‘transcoder’.
Convergence
The ability of both eyes to turn inwards together. This enables both eyes to be looking at the exact same point in space.This skill is essential to being able to pay adequate attention at near to be able to read. Not only is convergence essentialto maintaining attention and single vision, it is vital to be able to maintain convergence comfortably for long periods oftime. For good binocular skills it is also to be able to look further away. This is called divergence. Sustained ability to makerapid convergence and divergence movements are vital skills for learning.The term has also been used, confusingly, to describe the movement of left and right image fields or the rotation (toe-in)of camera heads.
D
Depth budget
The combined values of the Positive and Negative Parallax. Often given as a % of screen width.
Depth perception
The ability to see in 3D or depth to allow us to judge the relative distances of objects. Often referred to as stereo visionor stereopsis.
Depth range
A term that applies to stereoscopic images created with cameras. The limits are defined as the range of distances incamera space from the background point producing maximum acceptable positive parallax to the foreground pointproducing maximum acceptable negative parallax.
Direct view
A display where the viewer looks directly at the display, not at a projected or virtual image produced by the display.CRTs, LCDs, Plasma panels and OLEDs can all be used in direct view 3D displays
Divergence
The ability for the eyes to turn outwards together to enable them to both look further away. The opposite ofnconvergence. It is essential for efficient learning and general visual performance to have good divergence andconvergence skills.
DLP / Digital light processing
See MEMs.
E
Eye-dedicated displays
A 3D display system where there are two separate displays to produce the left and right eye images and the geometry of the system is arranged so each eye can only see one display.
Eye sequential 3D
The images in a stereo pair are presented alternately to the left and right eyes fast enough to be merged into a single3D image. At no instant in time are both images present. The images may be separated at teh eyes by active or passiveglasses.
Eyewear
Anything worn on the head and eyes to produce a 3D image. This includes both passive and active glasses or headmounted displays. Consumer-grade 2D and 3D HMDs are often specifically called eyewear. Passive and active glasses areoften just called glasses.
F
Field of Depth
The field of depth determines the largest depth a display can visualize with a defined minimum resolution. For displayswith fixed emission range and angular resolution, th esize of the smallest displayed feature depends on the the distancefrom the screen. The smallest feature (voxel) the display can reconstruct is the function of the distance from the screenand the angular resolution. If we set an upper limit on the feature size, the angular resolution determines the distancefrom the screen, within which the displayed features are smaller than the given limit. This range is the Field of Depth,which effectively determines the largest displayable depth below which the features are within given limit.
Field of view
Usually measured in degrees, this is the angle that a lens can accept light. For instance, the human eye’s horizontal field ofview is about 175°.
Film
A sheet of material that is thin compared to its lateral dimensions. Films are used to modify the light passing through orreflecting off of them. Films can modify the brightness, color, polarization or direction of light. Film encoded with imagescan be used in projection systems as an image source.
Fore window image
An image that appears in front of the stereo window frame; ie, “coming through the window”. Where an image cuts theedge of the window-frame, the effect is usually referred to as floating edges.
Frame compatible 3D format
Left/Right frames organized to fit in a single legacy frame such as 480 x 720, 720 x 1280 or 1080 x 1920 pixels. The pair of images can be pixel decimated using spatial compression, color encoded like anaglyph, time sequenced like pageflipping, etc.
Frames per second
The number of complete images delivered to the eye each second.
Fusion
The merging (by the action of the brain) of the two separate views of a stereo pair into a single three-dimensional (or Cyclopean) image.
G
Ghosting
The perception of crosstalk is called ghosting. A condition that occurs when the right eye sees a portion of the left image or vice versa causing a faint double image to appear on the screen.
Graphics Processing Unit
A high-performance 3D processor that integrates the entire 3D pipeline (transformation, lighting, setup, and rendering). AGPU offloads all 3D calculations from the CPU, freeing the CPU for other functions such as physics and artificial intelligence.
H
HMD / Head Mounted Display Headset
A display device worn on the user’s head. Typically using LCD technology. These devices can be used in conjunction witha tracking device to create an immersive virtual reality.
Holography
A technique for producing an image (hologram) that conveys a sense of depth, but is not a stereogramin the usual sense of providing fixed binocular parallax information. Invented in theory by Dr. Dennis Gabor at ImperialCollege of London in 1948, holograms were not practical until the ruby laser was invented in 1960 by T.A. Mainmanof Hughes Aircraft. Today, holograms are made with lasers and produce images that one can practically touch. Someappear to float in space in front of the frame, and they change perspective as you walk left and right. Holograms aremonochromatic, and no special viewers or glasses are necessary, although proper lighting is important. To make ahologram, lengthy exposures are required with illumination by laser beams that must be carefully set up to travel a pathwith precisely positioned mirrors, beam splitters, lenses, and special film.
HUD/Head Up Display
A display device that provides an image floating in mid-air in front of the user.
Hyperfocal distance
The distance setting on the focusing scale of a lens mount which will produce a sharply focused image from infinity tohalf the distance of the focus setting at any specific lens aperture. Of particular value in stereo photography to ensure maximum ‘depth of field’, so that viewing is not confused by out-of-focus subject matter.
I
Image splitter
A device mounted on the front of a single lens that, through the use of mirrors or prisms, divides the image capturedon film into two halves, which are the two images of a stereoscopic pair. Sometimes called a frame-splitter, and often imprecisely called a beamsplitter
Immersive
A term used to describe a system that is designed to envelop the participant in a virtual world or experience. The amountof immersion the participant feels depends on a number of factors. Visual immersion is the most common goal. This canbe done effectively using a large screen or a head-mounted display.
Interaxial distance/Interaxial separation
The distance between camera lenses’ axes.
Interlaced
A type of video stream made up of odd and even lines (or sometimes columns). Normal TV signals (like PAL and NTSC) areinterlaced signals, made up of two odd and even line images called fields. These odd and even fields can be used to storestereoscopic left and right images, a technique used on 3D DVDs, although this halves the vertical resolution of the video.
Inter lens separation
The distance between the optical centers of the two lenses of a stereo camera or stereoscope, or (in wide-basestereography) between two photographic or viewing positions. Similar to base, stereo.
Interocular adjustment
A provision in some stereo viewers that allows for adjustment of the distance between the lenses of the viewer tocorrespond with the image’s infinity separation and in some cases the distance between a viewers eyes.
Interocular distance
The separation between the optical centers of a twin-lens stereo viewer (which may be adjustable). Not necessarily thesame as the interpupilary distance of the eyes.
IR transmitter
A device that sends synchronization signals to wireless shutter glasses.
J
JPEG
Joint Photographic Experts Group. An image format that drastically reduces image size, at the expense of throwing outinformation. Most of the time, the loss of information is not noticeable. When saving an image, you can set the degree ofcompression you would like, at the expense of image quality. Usually, you can achieve 3:1 compression without noticingmuch. JPEG uses an 8x8 grid and does a discrete cosine transformation on the image. The result when compression is highand quality is low is a tiling patter and visible artifacts at high-contrast boundaries, particularly noticeable in skies.
JPEG2000
A newer, more computationally intensive JPEG standard. It allows for much higher compression rates than JPEG forcomparable image quality loss. To achieve this, it uses a wavelet transformation on the image, which takes much morecomputing power, but as time progresses and machines become faster, this is less of a problem than when the first JPEGstandard came out. The size of the compressible area can vary, so no tiling pattern is evident.
K
Keystoning
Term used to describe the result arising when the film plane in a camera or projector is not parallel to the view or screen. The perspective distortion that follows from this produces an outline of, or border to, the picture which is trapezoidal in shape,resembling the keystone of a masonry arch. In stereo, the term is applied to the taking or projecting of two images where thecameras or projectors are ‘toed-in’ so that the principal objects coincide when viewed. The proportions of the scene will thenhave slight differences that produce some mismatching of the outlines or borders of the two images. Gross departures fromorthostereoscopic practice (eg, if using telephoto lenses) can produce keystoning in depth; more properly called a frustum effect.
L
Lenticular
Pertaining to a lens. As used by Brewster to describe his lensed stereoscope. Shaped like a lens. In stereo, used to describe:(1) A method of producing a depth effect without the use of viewing equipment, using an overlay of semi-cylindrical (orpart-cylindrical) lens-type material which exactly matches alternating left and right images on a specially-produced print,thereby enabling each eye to see only one image from any viewing position, as in an autostereogram.(2) A projection screen with a surface made up of tiny silvered convex surfaces which spread the reflected polarized lightto increase the viewing angle.
Lenticular screen
A projection screen that has embossed vertical lines for its finish rather than the “emery board” finish most common. Theytend to cost more. The silvered version is critical to 3D projection, as any white screen will not preserve the polarizationof the image reflected off it.
M
Macro stereo
Ultra close-up images, photographed with a much-reduced stereo base in order to maintain correct stereo recession.
Misalignment
In stereo usage, a condition where one homologue or view is higher or lower than the other. Where the misalignmentis rotational in both views, there is tilt; in one view only, twist. Viewing a misaligned stereogram can result in diplopia orproduce eyestrain.
Mount
In stereo usage, a special holder or card used to secure, locate and protect the two images of a stereo pair. Usually, theterm includes any framing device or mask that may be incorporated.
Mounting jig
A device used to assist in the process of mounting stereo pairs in correct register, usually incorporating an alignment gridplaced below the mount holder and a pair of viewing lenses above the film chips to enable each eye to focus on theappropriate image and fuse the pairs.
MPEG
Standards developed by Moving Picture Experts Group. A type of audio/video file found on the Internet. There are threemajor MPEG standards: MPEG-1, MPEG-2, and MPEG-4.
Multiplex
The process of taking a right and left image and combining them with a multiplexing software tool or with a multiplexer tomake one stereo 3D image.
Multiplexing
The technique for placing the two images required for a stereoscopic display within an existing bandwidth.
N
Near point
The feature in a stereo image that appears to be nearest to the viewer.
O
Over/under format
Over/Under format involves using a mirror system to separate the left and right images that are placed one above oneanother. Special mirrored viewers are made for over/under format.
Over-and-under
A form of stereo recording (on cine film) or viewing (of prints) in which the left and right images are positioned oneabove the other rather than side-by-side, and viewed with the aid of prisms or mirrors which deflect the light path toeach eye accordingly.
P
Panum phenomenon
A trick of stereo viewing whereby, if a single vertical line is presented to one eye and two vertical lines to the other, andone of the double lines is fused with the single line in binocular viewing, the unmatched line is perceived to be nearer orfurther away than the fused line. A concept used in the design of stereo mounting grids. A phenomenon first describedby the scientist Panum in 1858.
Parallax
Apparent change in the position of an object when viewed from different points. The distance between conjugate points.Generally, the differences in a scene when viewed from different points (as, photographically, between the viewfinderand the taking lens of a camera). In stereo, often used to describe the small relative displacements between homologues, more correctly termed deviation.
Parallax budget
The range of parallax values, from maximum negative to maximum positive, that is within an acceptable range forcomfortable viewing.
Parallax stereogram
A form of autostereogram which currently describes a technique in which alternate thin vertical strips of the left and righthand views are printed in a composite form and then overlaid with a grating (originally), or (nowadays) a lenticular sheetof cylindrical lenses which presents each view to the correct eye for viewing stereoscopically.
Parallel viewing method
Viewing a stereo image where the left view of a stereo image is placed on the left and the right view is placed on theright. This is the way most stereocards are made as opposed to cross-eyed viewing.
Parallel free-vision fusion Parallel-viewing / The parallel method
A free viewing technique in which the lines of sight of the two eyes aim and meet at a point beyond and behind the 3Dimage; the eyes move outward (away from the nose) toward PARALLEL lines of sight.It works with small images, but issomewhat limiting on a computer screen.
Passive polarized 3D glasses
3D glasses made with polarizing filters. Used in conjunction with a view screen that preserves polarized light.
Passive stereo
A technique whereby 3D stereoscopic imagery is achieved by polarizing the left and right images differently at source,viewed using low-cost polarizing glasses.
Planar image / Flat / Two dimensional
A planar image is one contained in a two-dimensional space, but not necessarily one that appears flat. It may have all the depth cues except stereopsis.
Plano-stereoscopic
A stereoscopic projected image that is made up of two planar images.
Polarization of light
The division of beams of light into separate planes or vectors by means of polarizing filters (first practically applied byEdwin Land of the Polaroid company in the 1930s). When two vectors are crossed at right angles, vision or light rays are obscured.
Pulfrich effect
Term now used to describe an illusory stereoscopic effect which is produced when two-dimensional images movinglaterally on a single plane (as on a film or television screen) are viewed at slightly different time intervals by each eye, theperceived delay between the eyes being achieved by means of reduced vision in one of them; eg, through the use of aneutral-density filter. The apparent positional displacement that results from this is interpreted by the brain as a changein the distance of the fused image. A scene is produced giving a depth effect, the depth being proportionate to the rateof movement of the object, not to the object distance. The phenomenon was first adequately described in 1922 by CarlPulfrich, a physicist employed by Carl Zeiss, Jena, in relation to a moving object (a laterally-swinging pendulum).
Pulfrich stereo
Stereo video taken by rolling a camera sideways at a right angle to an object. When played back, the viewer wears glasseswith one eye unobstructed, and the other through a darker lens. The brain is fooled into processing frames of the videoin sequence, and the result is a moving stereo image in color.
R
Realtime 3D graphics
Realtime graphics are produced on-the-fly, by a 3D graphics card. Realtime is essential if the user needs to interact withthe images as in virtual reality, as opposed to watching a movie sequence.
Rear projection
Rear projection is when images are projected from behind a screen. The advantage of this configuration is that a viewercannot cast shadows by getting in between the projector and screen - particularly important when a user is interacting withimages on the screen. Certain types of rigid and flexible rear projection screens can be used for stereoscopic projection.
Rig
Dual camera heads in a properly engineered mounting used to shoot stereo movies.
Rotation
Tilting of the images through not holding the camera horizontally, causing one lens to be higher than the other at thepicture-taking stage. If the tilting is not too severe, it may be possible to straighten both images when mounting but therewill be a height error, however small, in part of the image. A difference in the alignment of the two images in a stereogramcaused by faulty mounting.
Row interleaved
A format to create 3D video or images in which each row or line of video alternates between the left eye and the righteye (from top to bottom).
S
Screen space
The region appearing to be within a screen or behind the surface of the screen. Images with positive parallax will appearto be in screen space. The boundary between screen and theater space is the plane of the screen and has zero parallax.
Selection device
The hardware used to present the appropriate image to the appropriate eye and to block the unwanted image. For 3D movie the selection device is usually eyewear used in conjunction with a device at the projector, like a polarizing device.
Separation (interaxial)
The distance between two taking positions in a stereo photograph. Used to denote the distance between two homologues.
Septum
The partition used in a stereo camera to separate the two image paths. Any partition or design element that effectivelyseparates the lines of sight of the eyes such that only their respective left and right images are seen by each one.
Sequential stereograph
A stereo pair of images made with one camera that is moved by an appropriate separation between the making of the LH and the RH exposures.
Shutter glasses
A device worn on your head, with two lenses generally covered in a liquid crystal material and controlled by your computer.When viewing a 3D image using these glasses, your computer displays the left image first, while instructing your glassesto open the left eye’s “shutter” (making the liquid crystal transparent) and to close the right eye’s “shutter” (making theliquid crystal opaque). Then in a short interval - 1/30 or 1/60 of a second, the right image is displayed, and the glasses areinstructed to reverse the shutters. This keeps up for as long as you view the image. Since the time interval is so short, yourbrain can’t tell the difference in time, and views them simultaneously. Does not require polarized light preserving screen.
Silvered screen
A type of screen surface used for passive stereoscopic front projection. These screens maintain the polarization of thelight introduced by polarizing filters in front of the two projector lenses.
Spinography
This is done by walking around an object and taking pictures every 10-20 degrees, or putting the camera on a tripod andan object on a turntable and rotating it 10-20 degrees between shots. It can also be done with 3D modeling softwareby a computer. It does not create the same sense of depth as stereographics. To view spinography on a computer youusually need a small program for your browser called a plug-in.
Squeeze
Diminution of depth in a stereogram in relation to the other two dimensions, usually resulting from a viewing distancecloser than the optimum (especially in projection). The opposite effect to stretch.
Stereo
Having depth, or three-dimensional: used as a prefix to describe, or as a contraction to refer to, various stereographic orstereoscopic artifacts or phenomena. Stereo comes from the Greek stereos for hard, firm or solid and it means combiningform, solid, three-dimensional. Two inputs combine to create one unified perception of three-dimensional space.
Stereo acuity
The ability to distinguish different planes of depth, measured by the smallest angular differences of parallax that can beresolved binocularly.
Stereo blind
A term describing people who cannot fuse two images into one with depth (stereopsis).
Stereo infinity
The farthest distance at which spatial depth effects are normally discernible, usually regarded as 200 meters for practical purposes.
Stereo vision / Stereoscopic vision / Stereopsis
Two eye views combine in the brain to create the visual perception of one three-dimensional image. A byproduct ofgood binocular vision. Vision wherein the separate images from two eyes are successfully combined into one threedimensionalimage in the brain.
Stereo window
The viewing frame or border of a stereo pair, defining a spatial plane through which the three-dimensional image can beseen beyond (or, for a special effect, “coming through”). A design feature in some stereo cameras whereby the axes ofthe lenses are offset slightly inwards from the axes of the film apertures, so as to create a self-determining window in theresulting images which is usually set at around an apparent 2 meters distance from the viewer. If the objects appear to becloser to the viewer than this plane it is called breaking the window.
Stereogram
A general term for any arrangement of LH and RH views which produces a three-dimensional result, which may consist of:(1) A side-by-side or over-and-under pair of images(2) Superimposed images projected onto a screen(3) A color-coded composite (anaglyph)(4) Lenticular images(5) A vectograph(6) In film or video, alternate projected LH and RH images which fuse by means of the persistence of vision.
Stereographer
A person who makes stereo pictures.
Stereographs / Stereograms / Stereopairs
Two images made from different points of view that are side by side. When viewed with a special viewer the effect isremarkably similar to seeing the objects in reality.
Stereography
The art and practice of three-dimensional image making.
Stereoplexing / Stereoscopic multiplexing
A means to incorporate information for the left and right per spective views into a single information channel withoutexpansion of the bandwidth.
Stereopsis
The binocular depth sense, literally, “solid seeing.” The blending of stereopairs by the brain. The physiological and mentalprocess of converting the individual LH and RH images seen by the eyes into the sensation and awareness of depth in asingle three-dimensional concept (or Cyclopean image).
Stereo-restitution
Process that uses two-dimensional information contained in a pair of images to recreate the shape and position of objects.
Stereoscope
A binocular optical instrument for helping an observer obtain the mental impression of a three-dimensional model whenview plano-stereoscopic images (stereograms). The design of stereoscopic instruments use a combination of lenses,mirrors and prisms. It is usually an optical device with twin viewing systems.
Stereoscopic / “Solid looking”.
Having visible depth as well as height and width. May refer to any experience or device that is associatedwith binocular depth perception.
Stereoscopic 3D
Two photographs taken from slightly different angles that appear three-dimensional when viewed together.StereoscopyThe art and science of creating images with the depth sense stereopsis. The reproduction of the effects of binocular visionby photographic or other graphic means.
Stretch
The elongation of depth in a stereogram in relation to the other two dimensions, usually caused by viewing from morethan the optimum distance, especially in projection. The opposite effect to squeeze.
T
t
In stereoscopy, t is used to denote the distance between the eyes, called the interpupilary or inte rocular distance. tc isused to denote the distance between stereoscopic camera heads’ lens axes and is called the interaxial.
Theater Space
The region appearing to be in front of the screen or out into the audience. Can also be called audience space. Imageswith negative parallax will appear to be in theater space. The boundary between screen and theater space is the plane ofthe screen and has zero parallax.
Toeing-in
The technique of causing the optical axes of twin planar cameras to converge at a distance point equivalent to that of a desiredstereo window, so that the borders of the images are coincident at that distance (apart from any keystoning which results).
Transcoding
The process of converting one 3D video format into another. Example field sequential 3D video into column interleaved image data.
Transposition
The changing over of the inverted images produced by a stereo camera to the upright and left/right presentation necessary for normal viewing. May be achieved optically by means of a transposing camera or viewer, or mechanically bymeans of a special printing frame, as well as manually during the mounting of images.
Twin camera stereo photography
Stereo photography using two monoscopic cameras, usually with shutters and other components connected internallyor externally using mechanical or electronic means. This photography has advantages that include using common formats(e.g. full frame, medium format...) and being able to achieve a variable stereo base. Drawbacks include difficulty matchingcameras, film and getting normal stereo bases. Camera bars can be used to help achieve more consistent results.
TwistRotational displacement of one view in a stereo pair in relation to the other.
V
Vectograph
A form of polarization-coded stereogram (originally devised by the Polaroid company) in which the images are mountedon the front and rear surfaces of a transparent base, and are viewed by polarized light or through polarized filters. The polarized equivalent of an anaglyph stereogram.
Note: the terms found in this glossary were culled through various sources. Those sources include the writings of Lenny Lipton, the 3D Consortium, the International Stereographic Union and various Stereographic professionals. Some of these terms may change or more may be added as the modern 3D technology movement matures. If you feel there is an inaccuracy or if there is an omission, please use the contact button on the nav to contact us. Thank you.